The sun’s ultraviolet radiation is a major culprit in damaging skin cells, causing sunburn, premature aging, and even skin cancer.

Thankfully, sunscreen serves as a reliable shield against these harmful effects.

How Sunscreen Works

Sunscreen ingredients are designed to prevent UV rays from damaging the skin. These ingredients fall into two primary categories:

Physical Blockers

Physical blockers use minerals like titanium dioxide or zinc oxide that sit on the skin's surface, reflecting UV rays similarly to a shield or mirror. These are often referred to as mineral sunscreens or sunblocks.

Chemical Absorbers

Chemical absorbers form a thin protective film on the skin that absorbs UV radiation before it can enter. These are also known as organic sunscreens.

Both types of sunscreen have their advantages and disadvantages. Physical blockers are gentle on the skin, minimizing irritation and allergic reactions, but they may feel greasy or leave a white cast. Chemical absorbers are clear and easy to apply but may cause irritation for some individuals. Many products combine these ingredients for enhanced protection and reduced side effects.

Choosing the Best Sunscreen

Sunscreens come in various forms, such as lotions, sprays, and powders.

Lotions and Creams

These formats are recommended for effective and even coverage.

Sprays and Powders

While convenient, sprays and powders may provide inconsistent coverage and pose risks of inhalation or accidental contact with sensitive areas like the eyes.

When selecting sunscreen, consider the following features:

- A sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher

- Broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays

- Water resistance

It is important to apply sunscreen generously and reapply every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating. Following the product’s instructions ensures optimal protection.

Safety of Sunscreen

Scientific studies affirm that sunscreen effectively prevents UV damage, including skin cancers like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Concerns about sunscreen safety are addressed by using mineral sunscreens with physical blocker ingredients for those wary of chemicals.

Both chemical and nonchemical sunscreens available today have been extensively tested and are deemed safe.

When to Use Sunscreen

Dear Lykkers, sunscreen is essential year-round, not just during sunny summer days. UV radiation exposure occurs even on cloudy or winter days. Factors like altitude and reflective surfaces, such as snow or water, can amplify UV intensity, making sunscreen necessary during activities like skiing or swimming.

How to Correctly Apply Sunscreen

Video by American Cancer Society

Additional Sun Protection Tips

Sunscreen should be part of a comprehensive “sun protection package,” which includes:

- Avoiding sun exposure during peak UV hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.)

- Wearing protective clothing, such as tightly woven, dark-colored garments with UPF 50+

- Using wide-brimmed hats

- Opting for sunglasses with UVA and UVB protection

Sunscreen is a critical component of protecting skin from harmful UV rays but works best when paired with other protective measures. These strategies collectively ensure healthier, well-protected skin.