The Moon has captivated humanity for centuries, but its far side remained an enigma—until now. Recent discoveries reveal that volcanic eruptions once shaped this mysterious lunar terrain.
Thanks to collaborative efforts between US and Chinese scientists, we now have a clearer picture of the Moon's fiery past, hidden on its far side.
Unlocking Ancient Lunar Secrets
For decades, lunar exploration focused primarily on the near side of the Moon—the one perpetually facing Earth. But the Chang’e-6 mission by China has rewritten the narrative by collecting samples from the Moon’s far side for the first time in history.
These samples contained basalt fragments, a type of volcanic rock formed during eruptions. Through radiometric dating, researchers uncovered that these fragments are over 4.2 billion years old, marking a pivotal moment in understanding the Moon’s geologic activity.
Volcanic history of moon
Video by NASA mission time
A Surprising Discovery
While volcanic activity on the near side of the Moon has long been documented, the far side was thought to be geologically quieter. But Chang’e-6’s findings challenge this assumption, revealing an unexpected eruption that occurred approximately 2.83 billion years ago.
“This young eruption is something we haven’t seen on the near side,” wrote Professor Qiuli Li in a peer review. This groundbreaking discovery reshapes our understanding of lunar history and raises questions about the processes driving such activity on the far side.
The Far Side: A Misunderstood Terrain
Often called the "dark side" of the Moon, the far side actually receives ample sunlight. The term arises not from its lack of light but from its perpetual invisibility to Earth. This phenomenon is due to tidal locking, where the Moon's rotation period matches its orbit around Earth, keeping one side hidden.
The first images of this enigmatic side were captured in 1959 by the Luna 3 spacecraft. Though grainy, they provided the first glimpse of the Moon’s far side. Subsequent missions, including NASA’s high-resolution imagery, unveiled a starkly different landscape, marked by craters and rugged terrain, devoid of the expansive maria found on the near side.
Chang’e-6: A Mission of Risks and Rewards
The Chang’e-6 mission, launched earlier this year, was fraught with challenges. Yet, it succeeded in landing a rover on the Moon’s far side and retrieving invaluable rock and dust samples. These were the first-ever samples collected from this mysterious terrain, opening new avenues for lunar science.
Among the highlights of the mission was a selfie taken by the rover, capturing the lander on the rocky lunar surface. This iconic image symbolizes humanity's growing reach into uncharted territories of space.
Why It Matters
These findings are more than just scientific trivia—they hold profound implications for planetary science. Understanding the Moon’s volcanic history provides insight into its evolution and offers clues about other celestial bodies, including Earth.
The young eruption discovered on the far side also raises intriguing questions: What caused this volcanic activity so late in the Moon’s timeline? Could similar processes occur on other “tidally locked” moons orbiting distant planets?
The far side of the Moon is no longer just a shadowy mystery—it’s a dynamic and complex landscape with a fiery past. Chang’e-6’s groundbreaking discoveries remind us that there’s still so much to learn about our closest celestial neighbor.
As humanity ventures further into space, the Moon’s hidden stories continue to inspire and guide our quest for knowledge. Who knows what other secrets the far side holds?
